Turbine, Inc.

Turbine, Inc. (formerly Turbine Entertainment Software, Second Nature, and originally CyberSpace, Inc.) is an American computer game developer that pioneered 3D massively multiplayer role-playing games (MMORPGs). Turbine was founded by Johnny Monsarrat, Jeremy Gaffney, Kevin Langevin, and Timothy Miller, changing their company name in 2005 to Turbine, Inc. In April 2007, Turbine released their most recent MMORPG, The Lord of the Rings Online which is being co-published with Midway Games in the USA and Codemasters in Europe.

Turbine was a privately held company backed by Highland Capital Partners, Polaris Venture Partners, and other private investors since 1998; it has paid no dividends. On April 20, 2010, the company was formally acquired by Warner Bros..

Released Games

 * Asheron's Call (2 November 1999) - Published by Microsoft, and purchased back from Microsoft in December, 2003. Lead Designer, Toby Ragaini.
 * Asheron's Call: Dark Majesty (1 November 2001)
 * Asheron's Call: Throne of Destiny (18 July 2005)
 * Asheron's Call 2: Fallen Kings (22 November 2002) - Published by Microsoft, and shut down in December, 2005. Creative Director, Jason Booth.
 * Asheron's Call 2: Legions (4 May 2005)
 * Dungeons & Dragons Online (28 February 2006) - Published by Atari.
 * The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar (24 April 2007) - Co-Published with Midway Games in the US, Codemasters in Europe, Tecmo in Japan, and CDC Games in China. Design Director, Cardell Kerr. Executive Producer, Jeffrey Steefel.
 * The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria (18 November 2008)
 * The Lord of the Rings Online: Siege of Mirkwood (1 December 2009)
 * Unnanounced Console MMO (TBA)