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Adventure video games
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====Adventure (1975β1977)==== {{Main|Colossal Cave Adventure}} [[File:ADVENT -- Will Crowther's original version.png|thumb|300px|[[Teletype]] output of [[Will Crowther]]'s original version of ''Adventure''.]] In the mid 1970s, programmer, caver, and role-player [[William Crowther]] developed a program called ''[[Colossal Cave Adventure|Adventure]]''. Crowther, an employee at [[Bolt, Beranek and Newman]]<ref name=montfort>{{Citation | last = Montfort | first = Nick | author-link = Nick Montfort | year = 2003 | title = Twisty Little Passages: An Approach to Interactive Fiction | publisher = MIT Press | isbn = 0-262-63318-3 | page = 10 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=XiJFORKEm0oC | accessdate =11 July 2008}}</ref> (a Boston company involved with [[ARPANET]] [[router (computing)|router]]s) used the company's [[PDP-10]] to create the game, which required 300 [[kilobytes]] of memory.<ref name=montfort /><ref name=cameron>{{Citation | last = Cameron | first = Keith | year = 1989 | title = Computer Assisted Language Learning: Program Structure and Principles | publisher = Intellect Books | isbn = 0-89391-560-2 | page = 40 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=KKetQ6wsGBAC | accessdate =11 July 2008}}</ref><ref name=adventureland>{{Cite web| url=http://www.alphaworks.com.au/scottadams/series.htm | title=Scott Adams Adventureland | accessdate=10 July 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080719230812/http://www.alphaworks.com.au/scottadams/series.htm| archivedate= 19 July 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> The game used a text interface to create an interactive adventure through an underground cave system, based on part of the [[Mammoth Cave National Park|Mammoth Cave]] system in [[Kentucky]].<ref name=montfort /> Crowther's work was later modified and expanded by programmer [[Don Woods (programmer)|Don Woods]] using the [[Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory|SAIL]] computer at [[Stanford]],<ref name=montfort /> and the game became wildly popular among early computer enthusiasts, spreading across the nascent ARPANET in the late 1970s. The combination of realistic cave descriptions and fantastical elements proved immensely appealing, and defined the adventure game genre for decades to come. Swords, magic words, puzzles involving objects, and vast underground realms would all become staples of the [[interactive fiction|text adventure]] genre. The "Armchair adventure" soon spread beyond college campuses as the [[microcomputer|microcomputing]] movement gained steam. Numerous variations of ''Adventure'' appeared throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s, with some of these later versions being re-christened ''Colossal Adventure'' or ''Colossal Caves''.<ref name=cameron /><ref>{{Citation | last = Montfort | first = Nick | author-link = Nick Montfort | year = 2003 | title = Twisty Little Passages: An Approach to Interactive Fiction | publisher = MIT Press | isbn = 0-262-63318-3 | page = 88 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=XiJFORKEm0oC | accessdate =11 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | last = Nelson | first = Graham | author-link = Graham Nelson | last2 = Rees | first2 = Gareth | author2-link = Gareth Rees (software developer) | year = 2001 | title = The Inform Designer's Manual | edition = 4th | publisher = Gareth Sanderson | isbn = 0-9713119-0-0 | page = 349 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=JV3vg0f8glkC | accessdate =11 July 2008}}</ref>
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